Olfactory bulbus volume and olfactory sulcus depth in migraine patients: an MRI evaluation

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405- 018- 5029- x

Abstract-Summary To compare the measurements of olfactory bulb volume and olfactory sulcus depth in patients with migraine and a control group.

The OB volume and OS depth values were lower in the migraine group than in

the control group.

In the migraine group, left OB volume of the males was significantly lower than

those of the females.

In both the migraine and control groups separately, the left-side OB volume val- ues and the right side OS depth values were significantly greater than those of the contralateral side.

In older patients, a decrease was determined in the right and left OB volume, and

the left-side OS depth values.

In migraine patients with osmophobia, the OB volume values were significantly

decreased.

OB volume values were lower in migraine patients. When osmophobia was present, the OB volume was lower than that of the non-

osmophobia migraine patients.

Because their OB volume values were detected as lower than those of the migraine patients without osmophobia, it may be thought that blood flow changes and osmophobia may affect the olfactory bulb volume shrinkage in migraine patients.

Extended: In the migraine group, the difference between osmophobia positivity

values was analyzed according to gender using the Chi-Square test.

In the migraine group, osmophobia positivity was determined in 57.6% of the males and 52.7% of the females, but the difference between the genders was not significant.

Introduction Olfactory-related symptoms accompany migraine attacks and some such as osmo- phobia may be useful in differentiating migraines from other headaches [332].

Olfactory hypersensitivity may occur during migraine attacks [333]. The olfactory bulb (OB) collects sensory afferents of olfactory receptor cells

situated in the olfactory neuroepithelium.

OB volume has been evaluated with MRI in different studies in pathological conditions or normal subjects and OB volume changes have been reported in cases of olfactory dysfunction.

There have been no previous studies in literature related to MRI measurements

of olfactory bulb volume and olfactory sulcus depth values in migraine patients.

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2 Mechanisms

The aim of the current study was to compare olfactory bulb volume and olfactory sulcus depth measurements made using MRI in patients with migraine and a con- trol group.

Materials and Methods This retrospective study was conducted in Kırıkkale University Faculty of Medicine according to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.

Approval for the study was granted by the Ethics Committee of Kırıkkale

University Faculty of Medicine (Date: 20.06.2017, Number: 16/03).

Subjects The cranial MRI images of 200 adult migraine-diagnosed patients (33 males and 167 females) aged 18–50 years were retrieved from the hospital PACS system up to the current date.

The mean age of the migraine group (Group 1) was 35.28 ± 9.82 years (range

18–50 years).

A control group was formed of 100 subjects (17 males, 83 females) aged 18–50 years with normal cranial MRI results and no findings of migraine in the records of the hospital PACS system.

The mean age of the control group (Group 2) was 35.37 ± 8.56 years (range

19–49 years).

No pathological results were reported in control groups’ subjects MRI slides.

Cranial MRI Measurements From anterior to posterior screening, on the image where the olfactory bulbus was seen clearly, the surface of the OB was measured manually by an electronic cursor as mm2, and volume was calculated by multiplying this value by the slice thickness as mm3 [334, 335].

OS depth measurement was taken on the coronal T2-weighted SPIR sequence, a virtual tangent line was drawn from the inferior orbital gyrus to the gyrus recti in the posterior plane of the orbita.

If the p value was < 0.05, non-parametric tests were used. If the p value was > 0.05, parametric tests were used.

Results Left OB volume of the males (Mean = 35.20 ± 11.68 mm3) was significantly lower than those of the females (Mean = 39.58 ± 10.70 mm3) (p = 0.036).

Osmophobia: There was a negative correlation between osmophobia and OB

volume (right, left) values.

Discussion OB volume and OS depth values of the migraine group were found to be lower than those of the control group.

In both the migraine and control groups separately, the OB volume values on the left side and the OS depth values on the right side were significantly higher than those of the contralateral side.

2.3 Comorbidities

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In migraine patients with osmophobia, the OB volume values were significantly

decreased.

The results related to the migraine patients with osmophobia having lower OB volume were similar to the findings of the Kayabaşoğlu et al study [336] in which it was reported that TDI scores of migraine patients with osmophobia were lower than those of the migraine patients without osmophobia.

OB volume values in migraine patients were lower than those of the con-

trol group.

Conclusion The results of this study showed that in migraine patients, olfactory bulb volume and olfactory sulcus depth are lower than in the control group.

Because their OB volume values were detected as lower than those of the migraine patients without osmophobia, it may be thought that blood flow changes and osmophobia may affect the olfactory bulb volume shrinkage in migraine patients.

Acknowledgement A machine generated summary based on the work of Doğan, Adil; Bayar Muluk, Nuray; Şahan, Mehmet Hamdi; Asal, Neşe; Inal, Mikail; Ergün, Ufuk. 2018  in European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology.

2.3

Comorbidities

Machine generated keywords: comorbiditie, patient, persistent, comorbidity, migraineur, young, complaint, danish, anxiety, asthma, hypertension, vertigo, tth, diagnosis, endothelial

Comorbidities of primary headache disorders: a literature review with meta-analysis