Insufficient sleep is prevalent among migraineurs: a population-based study

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194- 017- 0756- 8

Abstract-Summary Although the association between sleep disorders and migraine has been reported, the association between perceived insufficient sleep and migraine has rarely reported.

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The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between insufficient sleep and

migraine using the data of the Korean Headache-Sleep Study (KHSS).

The prevalence of insufficient sleep among individuals with migraine (45.5%) was significantly higher compared to that among individuals with non-migraine headache (32.9%, p = 0.004) or among non-headache (20.4%, p < 0.001).

Average sleep time did not differ among migraine, non-migraine headache, and

non-headache groups (7.3 ± 1.2 vs. 7.2 ± 1.2 vs. 7.3 ± 1.4, p = 0.207).

Multivariable logistic regression analyses demonstrated that migraine had an increased odds ratio (OR) for insufficient sleep after adjusting for sociodemographic variables, short sleep time, insomnia, poor sleep quality, anxiety, and depression (OR = 1.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.

The prevalence of insufficient sleep was significantly higher among migraineurs

compared to that in non-migraine headache or non-headache group.

Extended: The prevalence of short sleep time was not significantly different among individuals with migraine, those with non-migraine headache, and the non- headache (18.2% vs. 19.1% vs. 16.0%, p = 0.110).

The prevalence of insufficient sleep was significantly (p = 0.004) higher among individuals with migraine compared to that in individuals with non-migraine headache.

The prevalence of insufficient sleep was higher in individuals with migraine

compared to that in those with non-migraine headache or non-headache.

Average sleep time was calculated as (weekday sleep time × 5 + weekend sleep

time × 2)/7.

Our findings suggest that migraineurs need longer sleep time than individuals

with non-migraine or non-headache to have sufficient sleep.

Background Migraine and sleep disturbance are common complaints in the general population.

Epidemiological and clinic-based studies have demonstrated a close association

between migraine and sleep disturbance.

These symptoms are associated with insufficient sleep. Insufficient sleep is a common problem in the general population [245, 246]. Information on the association between migraine and insufficient sleep is limited. It provides an opportunity to assess the association between insufficient sleep

and migraine.

The objectives of the present study were: (1) to determine the prevalence of insufficient sleep and migraine in a general population-based sample; (2) to exam- ine the average sleep time and sleep need among individuals with migraine, non- migraine headache, and non-headache; and (3) to assess the association between insufficient sleep and migraine using the data of KHSS.

Methods The KHSS is a nation-wide, cross-sectional survey regarding headache and sleep among Korean adults aged 19 to 69 years.

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Personal and Societal Burden

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If a participant reported an experience of headache during the previous year and her/his most severe type headache met all the criteria, she/he was classified as hav- ing migraine.

If a participant’s average sleep time was ≤6 h in a day, she/he was classified as

having short sleep time.

If an individual’s PSQI score was 6 or more, she/he was classified as having poor

sleep quality.

In univariable analyses, we modelled the ORs for sleep insufficiency without

adjusting for covariates.

Model 2 incorporated short sleep time (≤6 h in average sleep time), insomnia,

and poor sleep quality (PSQI) to Model 1.

The final model, Model 4, incorporated sociodemographic variables, short sleep

time, insomnia, poor sleep quality, anxiety, and depression.

Results The average sleep time was not significantly different among individuals with migraine, those with non-migraine headache, and non-headache (7.3  ±  1.4 vs. 7.2 ± 1.2 vs. 7.3 ± 1.2 h, p = 0.207).

The prevalence of insufficient sleep was significantly (p = 0.004) higher among individuals with migraine compared to that in individuals with non-migraine headache.

Among individuals with insufficient sleep, average sleep time was not signifi- cantly different among individuals with migraine, those with non-migraine head- ache, and non-headache (6.6 ± 1.2 vs. 6.5 ± 1.3 vs. 6.6 ± 1.1 h, p = 0.875).

Average sleep time of individuals with migraine did not significantly differ from that of individuals with non-migraine headache (7.9 ± 1.2 vs. 7.5 ± 1.2 h, p = 0.109).

Discussion The key findings of this study were: (1) The prevalence of insufficient sleep and migraine were 27.0% and 5.3%, respectively; (2) Although average sleep time was not significantly different according to headache type, sleep need of migraineurs was longer than that of individuals with non-migraine headache or non-headache; (3) The prevalence of insufficient sleep was significantly higher in migraineurs (45.5%) compared to that in those with non-migraine headache (32.9%) or non- headache (20.4%).

We also observed frequent poor sleep quality among migraineurs in the pres-

ent study.

Migraineurs had more sleep need compared to individuals with non-migraine

headache and non-headache.

The prevalence of migraine, anxiety, depression, poor sleep quality and insomnia in the data of KHSS were similar to that in previous population-based studies [247– 249]. Therefore, we could assure that we successfully investigated migraine and insufficient sleep in the present study.

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Conclusion Our findings suggest that migraineurs need longer sleep time than individuals with non-migraine or non-headache to have sufficient sleep.

Acknowledgement A machine generated summary based on the work of Kim, Jiyoung; Cho, Soo-Jin; Kim, Won-Joo; Yang, Kwang Ik; Yun, Chang-Ho; Chu, Min Kyung. 2017  in The Journal of Headache and Pain.

Burden of migraine and unmet needs from the patients’ perspective: a survey across 11 specialized headache clinics in Korea